Which regulation governs hazmat packaging for ground transport in the United States?

• A. IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)
• B. NFPA 704 guidelines
• C. ICAO TI
• D. 49 CFR Parts 171-180 (Hazardous Materials Regulations).

Answer: (D)

Ground hazmat packaging in the United States is governed by the Hazardous Materials Regulations, found in 49 CFR Parts 171–180. This set of rules, administered by PHMSA under the Department of Transportation, specifies how packaging must be designed, tested, marked, and maintained for transport by highway and rail. It covers who is responsible, how packaging is certified, what performance tests are required, and how materials must be labeled and documented to ensure safety during normal transport and in the event of an incident.

Other standards here describe different contexts or uses. For example, the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations and the ICAO Technical Instructions regulate air shipments, not ground transport. NFPA 704 is a hazard rating system used to communicate hazards at a site or on a facility, not a regulatory packaging standard for transportation.